Cleaning a computer to fix a slow computer and increase its performance

Computers, being open systems that take in air from the environment, inevitably end up being fouled with airborne pollutants. Opening up a computer case can sometimes be akin to opening up a mummy’s tomb, with clouds of dust and debris, lint and hair exploding into the air. Though this is frequently seen, it should never be allowed to happen. A dirty computer is a poorly-performing computer and cleaning off the components and case only takes but a few minutes.

Before any cleaning is done, the computer should be shut down, unplugged and set on a surface that does not promote the build-up of static electricity. Static discharge can completely destroy a computer. Before touching any interior components, the user should discharge themselves by touching a metal object or, far preferably, use an anti-static strap that preferentially discharges build up through ground a wire.

Start by examining the ventilation ports on the case itself. If there is dust built up around these areas, it may simply be wiped away with a rag compatible with the case’s finish. Cases come in many different materials, so consult your documentation before using any cleaners or other products. Never use canned gas on the exterior of the case as you risk simply blowing the dust inside. After the outside of the case is cleaned, open the computer up.

Be very careful of caught wires when removing the case cover. In general, a case should never be opened with force. If it’s being opened correctly, it should open easily and smoothly. Likely, the inside of the case will have dust build-up around the processor heatsink fans, the base of the case, around the power supply and the motherboard. How this dust is removed is based upon the preferences of the user. Some users employ canned gas to remove the dust, some use soft brushes and others use vacuum cleaners. Generally, a vacuum cleaner should only be used on the bottom of the case and near the vents, never on the components or motherboard.

Canned gas is generally the best option as it can penetrate into the hidden areas of the case and doesn’t involve any physical contact with the components. Canned air is different than canned gas. Canned air will leave moisture on the surfaces it contacts. Canned gas will not and is generally preferable for that reason.

While you’re in the case, check to make sure that cables are properly fastened and fix any that have come loose. If the computer is very dirty, it may be advisable to pull some of the cables and clean around them. The more dust removed, the better.

Cleaning the case improves cooling and, thus, improves performance. Depending on one’s environment, this should be done at regular intervals. In very dry, dusty environments once a week is a good schedule to keep everything running as well as possible. In less dusty environments, once every two weeks or once a month may be a frequent-enough schedule.